冷战结束后，非洲国家发展遭遇严重困难，这反映出被平等的主权国家资格所掩盖的国家脆弱性问题。借鉴“社会中的国家”视角并基于人类学和历史学的相关研究成果，本文阐述了刚果（金）在前殖民时期和殖民时期“碎片化社会控制”形成和固化的历史经历，同时讨论了为何“碎片化社会控制”最终成为独立后刚果（金）国家构建进程中不得不面对的结构性障碍。本文的论述表明，国家构建并非发生于真空之中，而是会受到特定社会历史经历的极大制约。正因如此，对脆弱国家的研究必须把“历史”带进来。
The state failure wave in Africa after the end of the Cold War brought the problem of state fragility to the fore，which had long been hidden behind the facade of equal sovereignty of states. By taking the “state in society” perspective and on the basis of reviewing the representative studies in anthropology and historiography，this paper examines how the fragmented social control in the Democratic Republic of the Congo（DRC），formed during the pre-colonial period and substantially expanded and solidified during the colonial period，shaped and constrained the state building trajectory of DRC after the latter’s independence. This article concludes that state building does not take place in vacuum and it tends to be shaped by specific historical experiences of a given country. The findings of this article echo the “historical” turn in social science studies in recent years.
