Since the Reform and Opening-up，China’s local foreign affairs work has gradually become active and accumulated rich practical experience. The main leaders of the Communist Party of China and the Country have issued many guiding opinions on China’s foreign affairs work. Based on the characteristics of China’s local foreign affairs mechanism and practice under the framework of a unitary socialist country，domestic scholars gradually put forward a multi-level foreign affairs theory with Chinese characteristics. Local foreign affairs are an integral part of China’s overall diplomacy，which have increasingly become one of the main undertakers of China’s specific cooperation with other countries，playing an important role in promoting friendly exchanges between China and other countries. The cooperation between Israel and Shandong Province in various fields is a typical case. From the perspective of Multi-layer Foreign Affairs Theory，this paper analyzes the mechanism，practice and performance of the development of the relationship between Shandong Province and Israel. In general，the development of relations between Shandong Province and Israel has improved the level of local foreign affairs in Shandong，and has also played a certain role in promoting the development of relations between China and the Middle East.