量子计算是基于量子力学的全新计算模式，具有原理上远超经典计算的强大并行计算能力。当前，研制量子计算机已成为世界科技前沿的最大挑战之一，国际上正在对各种有望实现可扩展量子计算的物理体系开展系统性研究。我国已完成所有重要量子计算体系的研究布局，在若干物理体系达到“量子计算优越性”这一里程碑，牢固确立了国际第一方阵地位。通过10年左右的努力，有望有效解决大尺度量子系统的效率问题，构建可扩展的量子相干网络，研制对特定问题的求解能力全面超越经典超级计算机的专用量子计算和模拟机，并为最终实现通用量子计算机探索出一条切实可行的道路。
Quantum computing is a revolutionary computing paradigm based on quantum mechanics，boasting fundamentally superior parallel computing capabilities compared to classical computing. Currently，the development of quantum computers stands as one of the foremost challenges in global technology. International research is systematically conducted on various physical systems that show promise for scalable quantum computation. China has successfully completed the research layout for all significant quantum computing systems and has achieved the groundbreaking milestone of “quantum computational advantage” in several physical systems，solidifying its position as a leader on the international stage. Through approximately 10 years of dedicated effort，there is an expectation to effectively address the efficiency issues of large-scale quantum systems，build scalable quantum coherent networks，develop quantum simulator that outperform classical supercomputers in solving specific problems，and pave a practical and feasible path towards the final goal of universal fault-tolerant quantum computation.
| Keywords： | Quantum Computational AdvantageQuantum SimulatorUniversal Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computation |
