Generative artificial intelligence represented by ChatGPT has both benefits and risks. From the perspectives of instrumental rationality and value rationality，exploring the impact of ChatGPT on politics，economy，and society can better grasp the essence of its risks. From the perspective of instrumental rationality，the functions of ChatGPT are reflected in technology empowerment，value empowerment，and information empowerment，while risks are reflected in shadow government，industry monopoly，and organizational alienation. From the perspective of value rationality，the functions of ChatGPT are reflected in technology empowerment，knowledge innovation，and enhancing efficiency，while risks are reflected in imbalanced empowerment，value distortion，and consciousness erosion. Overall，ChatGPT is a tool for rational production rather than a subject. Although it largely meets efficiency needs，it is difficult to solve fairness issues and further widen interpersonal relationships. Essentially，ChatGPT serves capital appreciation rather than public interest，so for government governance，the core challenge that ChatGPT poses is to break away from technological dependence and maintain public interest.