人工智能是当今世界科技创新的前沿领域,也是未来经济社会发展的重要驱动力,正在不断地渗透到生产生活的方方面面,现已成为全球科技竞争的焦点。世界主要国家纷纷从战略布局、资金投入、技术研发、领域应用等方面入手提升人工智能的全球竞争能力。为应对激烈的国际竞争,美国审时度势地确定了人工智能发展目标,大力发展人工智能技术以保持世界领先地位,展现出极具美国特色的布局方式。美国针对未来人工智能的战略部署和相关举措涉及积累与提升两个阶段,均以制定发布政策文件和成立相关机构进行部署为主,现已上升为大国战略并演变为世界领导权的竞争,基本实现人工智能技术创新价值链各阶段的全覆盖,各部门积极深耕细作,并日益重视在国防军事领域的应用,其对中国的策略主要采取成立专门机构、全面封锁、出口管控、限制人才流动等措施。我国应该借鉴美国的发展经验,加强在技术研发、数据资源管理、法律和伦理体系以及应用场景等方面的布局,以促进中国在人工智能领域的发展和创新。
Artificial intelligence is the frontier of science and technology innovation in today’s world and an important driving force for future economic and social development,and is constantly penetrating into all aspects of society,production and life,and has now become a focal point of the global scientific and technological competition in the field of the world’s major countries have to enhance the global competitiveness of artificial intelligence from the strategic layout,capital investment,technology research and development,and application of the field. In order to cope with the fierce international competition,the United States has formulated the development goal of artificial intelligence according to its own situation,and has exerted its national efforts to develop artificial intelligence technology in order to maintain its leading position in the world,showing a very characteristic layout of the United States. The strategic deployment of the United States for the future of AI and related initiatives include two stages of accumulation and enhancement,both of which are based on the formulation and release of policy documents and the establishment of relevant institutions for deployment,and have now risen to the strategy of a major power and evolved into a world leadership competition,basically realizing the full coverage of all phases of the value chain of AI technological innovation,and various departments are actively cultivating in-depth work and attaching increasing importance to the application of the military in the field of national defense. Its strategy mainly takes measures such as the establishment of specialized institutions,comprehensive blockade,export control,and restrictions on the flow of talents. China should learn from the development experience of the United States and strengthen its technology research and development,data resource management,legal and ethical system,and application scenario layout in order to promote China’s development and innovation in the field of artificial intelligence.