In recent years，with the increasingly serious global climate change，reducing carbon emissions has become a common global responsibility. As an energy-intensive industry，the steel industry has great potential in carbon emission reduction. Because the steel production process requires a lot of energy，and technical efficiency plays a key role in the carbon reduction of the steel industry，it is of great significance to study the technical efficiency and energy consumption of the steel industry. This chapter collects and compares the relevant data such as the output of the main products of the steel industry in the world’s major countries or regions from 2001 to 2021，and displays the relevant technologies，comprehensively analyzes the current situation of technical efficiency and energy consumption of the steel industry，and draws some meaningful conclusions. The study found that the world’s overall production of most steel products is on the rise；There are significant differences in the production of steel products in major regions or countries；Unexpected events and the implementation of related policies will affect the change of steel industry output；The crude steel production of different provinces in China is affected by geographical location，traffic conditions，resources and economic conditions，and shows significant differences. This not only reveals the status quo，but also reflects the current development trend and existing problems of the steel industry. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the current situation of technical efficiency and energy consumption in the steel industry to give relevant parties some management implications in decision-making.