与阿片类药物直接或间接相关的毒品使用,是当前欧盟范围成年人群过早死亡的一大主要原因。每年注射阿片类药物人群的药物过量致死率估计为1%~2%。总体而言,欧盟报告称有近3/4的药物过量致死是由阿片类药物造成的,2020年有66000人主要因阿片类药物滥用而接受专门治疗,占欧洲所有接受毒品戒治者的28%。而当这些人耐受性丧失,尤其是在离开戒治场所与隔离环境后,其戒断期间因阿片类药物过量而死亡的风险反而会增加。自杀、事故和感染并发症也导致了阿片类药物滥用人群的高死亡率。在北美阿片类药物危机已然升级、欧盟主要大国推行大麻合法化的背景下,想要回避大麻威胁,维持欧盟合作的欧洲禁毒组织,如欧洲毒品和毒瘾监测中心,开始在2021~2022年推行“阿片类药物向”转型,倾斜资源片面强调现有阿片类药物滥用的致死率威胁,导致了欧盟禁毒决策的“双重滞后”。此种“亡羊补牢”之举,难以应对欧盟真正的未来毒品威胁——新精神活性物质挑战下合成大麻素的高伤害性与阿片类药物的更新换代。
Mortality directly or indirectly related to the use of opioids is a major cause of avoidable premature deaths among adults in Europe,with drug-related mortality rates estimated at around 1%-2% per year among people 2 who inject opioids. Overall,opioids are detected in nearly three quarters of fatal overdoses in Europe. Opioid use was reported as the main reason for entering specialized drug treatment by 66 000 clients in 2020,representing 28% of all those entering drug treatment in Europe. The risk of dying from an opioid overdose increases following periods of abstinence when tolerance is lost,in particular on release from prison or on leaving abstinence-based treatment. Suicide,accidents and complications from infections also contribute to the excess mortality observed in this group. In the context of the escalation of the opioid crisis in North America and the legalization of cannabis by the major EU countries,the European Drug Control Organization,such as EMCDDA,which wants to avoid the threat of cannabis and maintain the cooperation between the EU countries,began to implement the “opioid drug transformation” between 2021-2022,and blindly inclined resources to emphasize the reduction of mortality,resulting in a “double lag” in drug control decision-making. Such a “mend the wound passively” move will be difficult to deal with the real future drug threat of the EU:the high harmfulness of synthetic cannabinoids and the massive renewal of opiates under the challenge of new psychoactive substances.