Fentanyl-like substances are classified as new psychoactive substances within the opioid class，which is easy to be modified and derived and has a high risk of abuse. Nowadays，fentanyl substances have an impact on the traditional drug market and posed a serious threat to the drug control system and public health in various countries. In 2019，China announced the classifications and management of fentanyl-related substances，officially putting them under the strictest control system. Russia is also facing a serious threat of drugs. The issue of rampant abuse of synthetic drugs and new Psychoactive substances，including fentanyl，has garnered significant attention from both the Russian federal government and its anti-drug departments. Although fentanyl has not yet formed a large-scale epidemic trend in Russia，Russia still includes fentanyl substances in the control list of Narcotic and psychotropic drugs and their precursors. as a controlled substance of the Class Ⅱ control list. There has been no large-scale abuse of fentanyl in Russia，but the Russian anti-narcotics department has improved fentanyl control in advance in light of the rend of the international drug market and the domestic drug situation. This has laid a good foundation for preventing and curbing large-abuse of fentanyl in Russia. A study on Russia’s governance system of fentanyl substance will help China and Russia cooperate in these areas and jointly address the threat of fentanyl abuse.