美国政府对待阿片类药物危机的态度和行动，已经发生了诸多显著的变化。进入21世纪第三个十年，危机日益严重，其中由“芬太尼危机”造成的药物过量死亡人数正在快速增长。然而，相关研究表明，美国的“芬太尼危机”仍将持续较长的时间，由此造成的药物过量死亡总数将在未来十年达到惊人的数字。在此过程当中，美国联邦政府以及地方各个州政府采取了多元化的、有时不统一的应对政策，并在毒品问题相关智库的支持下，逐渐发展出独特的“芬太尼外交”。本文重点关注美国各派力量在芬太尼问题上的态度和行动的不断变化，分析美国“芬太尼危机”爆发的真正成因，对美国政府未来几年可能采取的毒品政策加以研判，并指出美国应基于科学、基于证据，通过优先致力于解决国内的社会、经济、医疗、种族等诸多问题来解决“芬太尼危机”。
Looking back on the history since 2013-2014，there have been many significant changes in the attitudes and actions of the previous US administrations towards the opioid crisis. Entering the second decade of the 21st century，the crisis is deepening，in which the number of drug overdose deaths due to the fentanyl crisis is increasing rapidly. However，studies show that the fentanyl crisis in the United States will continue for a long time，and the total number of drug overdose deaths caused by the drug will reach staggering numbers in the next decade. During this process，the U.S. federal government and local governments adopted diverse and sometimes non-uniform response policies，and with the support of drug-related think tanks，gradually developed a unique fentanyl diplomacy. This article focuses on these changes in attitudes and actions，clarifies the main characteristics of fentanyl diplomacy，makes a judgment on the US government’s drug policy in the next few years，and points out that the United States should，based on scientific evidence，focus on solving many domestic problems by prioritizing Social，economic，medical，racial and other issues to address the fentanyl crisis.
