As the largest developing country in the eastern and Western Hemisphere，the cooperation between China and Brazil has global significance. For more than a decade，China has always maintained Brazil’s position as the largest trading partner. The total amount of bilateral economic and trade has expanded steadily，and the quality of economic and trade cooperation has been continuously improved. Brazil has also become the first country in Latin America and the Caribbean whose total trade volume with China has exceeded US $100 billion. However，the imbalance of trade structure between China and Brazil has become an adverse factor affecting the economic and trade cooperation between the two countries for many years. China has caused Brazil’s “de industrialization” and Brazil has launched frequent trade relief cases against China. From 2020 to 2021，the number of trade relief cases initiated by Brazil to China was relatively moderate，the relief tax rate was generally low，and the economic and trade cooperation between the two sides developed steadily. Under the new situation，Chinas policy orientation of further opening up in an all-round way and Brazil’s trade policy trend of gradually opening up the market will help both sides strengthen economic and trade cooperation，and China’s capital and technology will also provide new impetus for bilateral economic and trade development.