Brazil has a relatively perfect mechanism and rich experience in responding to public health emergencies，and has established a “Trinity” public health system composed of the National Health Supervision Bureau，the national epidemiological research institution and the unified medical system （SUS）. Among them，the unified medical system undertakes public health and medical services in Brazil. Public hospitals，charity hospitals，community clinics and private hospitals joined through contracts all over the country are included in this system to provide free health and medical services for the whole people. Novel coronavirus pneumonia has novel coronavirus pneumonia since novel coronavirus pneumonia was launched in Brazil since the end of February 2020. The unified medical system has been playing a leading role in the prevention of the spread of new crown pneumonia，the treatment of new crown pneumonia patients and the vaccination of new crown pneumonia，and has made outstanding contributions to Brazil’ s response to the largest public health crisis in the history of COVID-19，as a “national team” in Brazil’ s public health medical field. At the same time，the outbreak of COVID-19 also revealed that the public health care system is not complete. There are problems such as unreasonable allocation of resources，shortage of funds and medical personnel，shortage of emergency facilities and emergency supplies. After the epidemic，the public health and medical undertakings with the unified medical system as the backbone will be paid more attention again. By further enhancing the ability to deal with public health emergencies，we can play a greater role in the future epidemic prevention and anti-epidemic struggle.