With the continuous popularization of nine-year compulsory education，there has been a basic balance achieved between urban and rural education. However，several issues still hinder the attainment of a higher level of high-quality balance. These issues primarily include imbalances in educational information infrastructure，the uneven distribution of excellent teachers，disparities in the availability of high-quality curriculum resources，differing levels of understanding in data thinking，and variations in the quality of student training. Drawing upon the advantages of big data in promoting the sharing of high-quality educational resources and data analysis，this article presents several avenues for big data to enable the high-quality and balanced development of urban and rural education. These paths include establishing a big data platform for urban and rural education，enhancing the teaching capabilities of rural educators，strengthening the development and sharing of high-quality courses，improving information literacy，and fully harnessing the value of student learning data. Finally，the article introduces a typical case and showcases the application results from Ye County，Pingdingshan City，which demonstrates how big data contributes to enabling high-quality and balanced development in urban and rural education.