在1970年中国和意大利正式建交前，1955年意大利南尼代表团和皮埃罗·卡拉曼德雷率领的文化代表团访华为两国关系正常化打下了重要的基础。1955年，南尼以意大利社会党总书记的身份会晤中意两国最高领导人，积极推动两国建交；1969年，南尼以意大利外交部部长的身份宣布承认新中国。1955年意大利访华文化代表团是“促进与中国经济、文化关系研究中心”组织的首个半官方的访华文化代表团，拉开了20世纪50～60年代中意两国一系列友好交流的序幕。本文尝试基于公开的历史资料，详细梳理两个代表团访华的背景及始末，着重分析两次访问对两国政治联系和文化交流的促进作用，以期为国内读者更好地理解中意两国建交的过程以及建交后双边关系的发展提供参考。
Before the official establishment of China-Italy diplomatic relations in 1970，Pietro Nenni led an Italian delegation and Piero Calamandrei led another Italian cultural delegation to visit China in 1955. These two visits laid a foundation for the normalization of two countries’ diplomatic relations. In 1955，as the General Secretary of Italian Socialist Party，Nenni met the top leaders of the Italian and Chinese governments and tried to promote the diplomatic relations between the two countries. In 1969，Nenni，as the Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs，declared the diplomatic recognition of the People’s Republic of China. The Italian cultural delegation of 1955，the first semi-official one in China organized by the Study Center for the Development of the Economic and Cultural Relations with China，was a prelude to a series of friendly exchanges and visits between the two countries. Based on the published historical documents，this article reviews in detail the historical background，the beginning and the end of the two delegations’ visits in order to provide reference for a better understanding of establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries and the development of the bilateral relations afterwards.
