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龙脑之路——15至16世纪琉球王国香料贸易的一个侧面

文章摘要

冰片的两个主要产区是婆罗洲北海岸和苏门答腊岛西海岸。15世纪,亚洲海域出现了一条冰片之路。婆罗洲生产的冰片由文莱商人运往马六甲再供应中国市场,苏门答腊岛生产的冰片则由古吉拉特邦商人运往印度和西亚。运到马六甲的冰片也被琉球商人运到那霸,再由堺商人提供到畿内市场。韩国是冰片比日本更重要的市场。韩国通过三种途径获得冰片:从明朝通过与东南亚国家的朝贡贸易获得冰片;从东南亚国家的中国商人获得冰片;从对马、博多的日本商人从琉球商人获得冰片。随着朝鲜三浦之乱和葡萄牙占领马六甲,马六甲经琉球与朝鲜的冰片贸易中断。从16世纪初期开始,琉球商人开辟了与文莱进行冰片贸易的新航线,韩国和畿内市场由此获得了冰片。新的冰片之路就此形成。

Abstract

The two main producing areas of borneol were the north coast of Borneo and west coast of Sumatra. In the 15th century,there was a road of borneol in maritime Asia. The borneol produced in Borneo was transported to Malacca by brunei merchants and then provided to the Chinese market,and the borneol produced in Sumatra was transported to India and west Asia by Gujarat merchants. The borneol transported to Malacca was also transported to Naha by Ryukyu merchants,and then provided to Kinai market by Sakai merchants. Korea was a more important market for borneol than Japan. Korea got borneol through three ways:from Ming who obtained borneot via tributary trade with southeast Asian countries,from Chinese merchants in southeast Asian countries and from Japanese merchants in Tsushima and Hakata who obtained borneol from Ryukyu merchants. As the Sanpo Japanese Rebellion in Korea and the occupation of Malacca by Portugal,the borneol trade between Malacca and Korea via Ryukyu broke off. From the early 16th century,the Ryukyu merchants opened up new routes to conduct the borneol trade with Brunei,by which Korea and Kinai market gain borneol. The new road of borneol was formed.

作者简介
中岛乐章(Nakajima Gakusho):中岛乐章(Nakajima Gakusho),日本九州大学文学部东洋史研究室准教授。
吴婉惠:吴婉惠,广东省社会科学院历史与孙中山研究所(海洋史研究中心)助理研究员。