战后初期,日本国内呈现出四方面的社会失序。社会心理层面,普通民众的“虚脱感”成为当时的普遍现象;物资供应方面,食物短缺与黑市繁荣同时存在;社会生活方面,“潘潘”的出现对社会各界造成极大震荡;文化潮流方面,新出现的“粕取文化”构成一种特殊的亚文化圈。与此同时,随着美国占领军到来和各项改革的开展,日本逐步摆脱社会失序状态,寻求转型发展。政治改革使日本在一定程度上从战时军国主义体制转向政治民主制;经济改革促使日本摆脱战时以军需为主的经济体制;宗教与文化方面的改革奠定了战后日本文化与教育发展的基础;司法改革则旨在督促日本完善各项法律法规。美国在日本推行的诸多改革措施在一定程度上推动日本朝非军事化和民主化方向发展,但其后期政策的急速转变则阻碍了这一进程。
In the early postwar period,there were four aspects of social disorder in Japan. In terms of social psychology,the “kyodatsu” condition among the general public was a common phenomenon. In terms of material supply,food shortages coexisted with the black market boom. In terms of social life,the emergence of “panpan” caused a great shock to all sectors of society. As for cultural trends,the new “kasutori culture” constituted a special subculture. Meanwhile,with the occupation of the American forces and the implementation of various reforms,Japan gradually get rid of its social disorder and sought to transform itself. Political reforms led to a shift from a wartime militarism system to a political democracy. Economic reforms led to a shift away from the wartime munitions-based economic system. Religious and cultural reforms laid the foundation for the development of culture and education in postwar Japan. Judicial reforms were aimed at urging Japan to strengthen its laws and regulations. Many of the U.S.reforms in Japan contributed to a certain extent to the demilitarization and democratization of Japan,but the rapid shift in policy in the later years hindered that process.