The modern history of Iran is a history of fighting against diseases. During the Qajar Dynasty period，due to the poor public health conditions，the serious lack of infrastructure，the lagging concept of social epidemic prevention，the colonial infiltration of western powers and religious pilgrimages，relevant measures to control the spread of exogenous infectious diseases were not targeted and effective. The cholera epidemic caused political instability，economic depression，military backwardness and deepened semi-colonial degree in Qajar Persia. The Qajar government has taken various measures to minimize the impact of casualties and secondary disasters caused by the cholera epidemic by launching urban public health campaigns，strengthening the functions of epidemic prevention agencies，standardizing the medical management system，issuing public health laws and regulations，and changing the concept of social epidemic prevention. Under the common influence of Persian traditional political civilization and western civilization，the system of modern health and epidemic prevention was initially established.