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摩洛哥金字塔式外交决策机制初探

文章摘要

外交决策机制是一国进行外交政策制定的“中枢系统”,也是理解外交政策的核心要素。本文通过详细考察发现,摩洛哥的外交决策机制呈现等级严明的金字塔式结构。在摩洛哥,处于金字塔顶尖的国王(核心决策层)不需要获得其他参与者的“批准”,属于三军统帅,掌握政权、财权和军权。在摩洛哥宪法中,国王虽然与民选行政机构分享了国家权力,但仍然保留着对外交、国防和宗教领域的控制权。此外,摩洛哥的国王是世袭的,且拥有大量的社会和经济资源,因而其外交政策对国内政治行为体的依赖程度较小。在金字塔式决策结构的中下层分别有以政府行政机构和立法机构为主的附属决策层和以政党与公民社会组织为主的边缘决策层,但其功能仅限于技术支持、政治执行、政治讨论和政治支持等。

Abstract

Decision-making mechanism is the central system of a country’s foreign policy making and the core element of understanding foreign policy analysis. This paper finds that Morocco’s diplomatic decision-making mechanism presents a hierarchical pyramid structure. In Morocco,the King,the core decision-making circle,situated at the top of the pyramid does not need the “approval” of other participants,but possess the commander in chief,who holds power,money and military power. In Morocco’s constitution,the King retains control over the affairs of foreign,defense and religion,although he shares the state power with an elected administration. Moreover,because the King is hereditary and has large social and economic resources,his foreign policy is less dependent on domestic political actors. In the middle and lower levels of pyramid decision-making structure,there are subsidiary decision-making circles mainly composed of government administrative organs and legislative organs and marginal decision-making circles mainly composed of political parties and civil society organizations. Although they can form a certain preference structure,their functions are limited to technical support,political execution,political discussion and political support.

作者简介
张玉友:张玉友,西北大学中东研究所博士后。