Blockchain technology has gained significant attention as a distributed and decentralized method of data storage and transmission since its inception. Blockchain cryptographic technology，a crucial component for ensuring security and privacy，employs techniques such as encryption algorithms and digital signatures to safeguard the integrity and trustworthiness of blockchain networks. The development of blockchain cryptographic technology is advancing rapidly. This report aims to explore the trends in blockchain cryptographic technology，focusing on the application of traditional cryptographic techniques such as digital signatures and hash functions in blockchain. The increasing demand for privacy protection has also driven the development of emerging cryptographic technologies，including multi-party secure computation，zero-knowledge proofs，and homomorphic encryption，providing an overview of their application scenarios in blockchain. Moreover，with the continuous development and expansion of blockchain technology applications，cryptographic techniques play an increasingly important role in ensuring data security，privacy protection，and trustworthiness. Therefore，strengthening privacy protection，addressing quantum computing attacks，and improving efficiency and scalability will be key research areas in the future. In conclusion，blockchain cryptographic technology is a continuously advancing and challenging field that will have a profound impact on the application of blockchain technology.