海洋生态文明示范区是海洋生态文明建设的重要载体。2021年是“十四五”规划的开局之年，海洋生态文明示范区建设迎来了新的机遇与挑战。本报告以实践案例为线索，从海洋经济发展、海洋资源利用、海洋生态保护、海洋文化宣传、海洋管理保障等5个方面总结2021年中国海洋生态文明示范区建设的总体概况。总体而言，2021年中国海洋生态文明示范区建设稳中有进，陆海统筹能力明显增强，海洋产业发展走向高端化，海洋生态修复成效初步显现，海洋公共服务水平持续提升，海洋综合治理能力稳步增强。但在建设过程中，也存在海洋生态经济转型升级难度较大、近岸海域陆源污染形势严峻、海洋资源环境承载能力监测不足、海洋自然灾害多发易发、缺乏对示范区的动态考核评价等问题。未来，中国海洋生态文明示范区建设需要做到：优化海洋产业布局，推进产业转型升级；加大生态监管力度，推动海洋环境治理；加强资源预警监测，探索建立科学机制；提高防灾减灾能力，完善应急管理制度；创新动态管理机制，始终保持示范区先进性，在更高层次上实现人类社会与海洋社会的和谐发展。
The national marine ecological civilization construction demonstration area is an important carrier of marine ecological civilization construction. The year 2021 is the first year of the National “Fourteenth Five Year Plan”，and the marine ecological civilization construction demonstration zone ushers in new opportunities and challenges. Taking practical cases as clues，this report summarizes the overall situation of the marine ecological civilization construction demonstration area in 2021 from five aspects：marine economic construction，marine resource utilization，marine ecological environmental protection，marine culture publicity，and marine management guarantee. In general，in 2021，the construction of China’s marine ecological civilization demonstration area will make steady progress，the land and sea coordination ability will be significantly enhanced，the development of marine industry will become high-end，the effect of marine ecological restoration will initially appear，the level of marine public services will continue to improve，and the comprehensive marine governance ability will be steadily enhanced. However，in the process of construction，there are also problems such as the difficulty of transformation and upgrading of marine ecological economy，serious land-based pollution in coastal waters，the need to improve the carrying capacity of marine ecological environment，the frequent occurrence of marine natural disasters，and insufficient dynamic assessment and evaluation of the demonstration area. In the future，the construction of China’s marine ecological civilization demonstration zone needs to optimize the layout of marine industry and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the demonstration zone；Strengthen supervision and strengthen the indicator system of ecological civilization evaluation；Focus on strengthening the monitoring of the carrying capacity of marine resources and environment；Improve the ability to deal with marine disasters and improve the emergency management system；The dynamic management of innovative mechanism always keeps the progressiveness nature of the demonstration area，and realizes the harmonious development of human society and marine society at a higher level.
| Keywords： | Environmental ProtectionMarine Ecological CivilizationLand and Sea CoordinationHarmony between Human and Ocean |
