Since the Ukrainian crisis in 2022，under the background of multiple rounds of western economic sanctions，Russia’s agriculture has accelerated the implementation of the import substitution strategy，and has continuously optimized its supporting measures for the agro-industrial complex. In 2022，Russia’s agricultural production set a number of historical records，the planting structure was further optimized，grain and oil crops had a bumper harvest，and the output hit a record high；the poultry and pig industries developed rapidly，and the output of milk and dairy products increased steadily. However，due to the multiple impacts of western sanctions and tightening supervision of Russia’s domestic agricultural policies，the supply of imported seeds，agricultural machinery and equipment and spare parts in Russia’s agro-industrial complex has been in short supply，and production costs have continued to rise. The contradiction between supply and demand due to record-high grain harvests and export restrictions has become more and more prominent. A large number of reserves has caused grain prices to continue to fall. In addition，due to the impact of weak domestic grain storage infrastructure and a serious shortage of domestic and international logistics capacity，the income of Russian agricultural producers and profitability of production enterprises have been reduced，which poses new challenges to the sustainable development of Russia’s agriculture. Under such circumstances，the Russian government has continuously optimized the supporting measures for agro-industrial complex enterprises，aiming to provide all necessary resources and support for the steady development of the industry. At the same time，under the background of western sanctions，in order to improve the level of food security and the efficiency of agricultural production，increase the export volume of agricultural products，and promote the steady development of the industry，the Russian government has issued a new version of the “Complex Development Strategy of Agriculture，Industry and Fisheries by 2030” under the new economic situation. This strategy further clarifies the medium and long-term development goals and tasks of Russia’s agricultural，rural and fishery industries，which has important practical guiding significance for promoting the development of these industries.