In 2022，Nigeria’s political situation is generally stable，and the security issues are complex and severe in some areas. “Boko Haram” and the “Islamic State West Africa Province” have been heavily squeezed by the military and the Multinational Joint Task Force，but the attack on the Catholic church in the Southern state of Oyo shows that terrorism is spreading South. At the same time，the kidnapping of armed bandits was a blowout，the railway passenger train hijacking case shocked the whole world. In 2022，many parts of Nigeria experienced the worst floods in nearly 10 years. The Buhari government’s hasty new design of naira banknote policy has caused a severe cash shortage，causing much inconvenience to economic development and people’s lives，and leading to street protests and chaos in many places as well. Before the 2023 general elections，various security issues and risks rose together. The 2023 presidential election was the most competitive since 1999. From the development trend，the new government will face severe challenges in the future. The new government faces how to ease the ethnic and religious conflicts further intensified by the election and maintain the unity of the country；and how to improve the security situation and deal with high inflation，high unemployment and multidimensional poverty.