近年来，意大利已开展了四次由政府主导的科研质量评价活动。意大利的科研体系有其特殊性，特别是能在较低的公共研发投入下维持较高的科研产出数量与质量，科研质量评价体系在其中发挥的积极作用不容忽视。具体而言，意大利建立了一套较为完整的科研质量评价体系并不断加以完善和创新，该体系在促进意大利科技发展、鼓励创新、调动科研人员积极性以及更科学地管理科研经费预算等方面发挥了积极作用，其具体做法和经验值得关注与借鉴。本文就意大利科研质量评价体系的形成背景、评价方法、评价结果的应用等进行梳理与归纳，重点对该评价体系的特点、对大学与科研机构“第三使命”的评价以及根据不同学科特点采取差异化评价方法等做了较详尽的分析。
Italy has carried out four government-led scientific research quality evaluations in recent years. Italy’s scientific research system has its particularity，especially can maintain high level of scientific research output and quality with relatively low public input. The key role of the scientific research quality evaluation system cannot be ignored. Specifically，Italy has established a relatively complete scientific research quality evaluation system，which has been constantly improved and innovated. The system has played a positive role in promoting the development of Italian science and technology，encouraging innovation，mobilizing the enthusiasm of scientific researchers and better management of scientific and technological budget. Its specific practices and experience are worth attention and reference. This article combs and summarizes the background of formation，evaluation methods，and application of evaluation results of the Italian scientific research quality evaluation system，focusing on a more detailed analysis of the characteristics of the evaluation system，the evaluation of “the third mission” of universities and research institutions，and the adoption of differentiated evaluation methods according to the features of different disciplines.
