Currently，a new round of technological revolution，industrial transformation，and industry restructuring are accelerating the global industrial and supply chains restructuring. At the same time，the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic，the strategic competition between China and the United States，and geopolitical economic fragmentation have deeply affected the development pattern of industrial and supply chains. Japan，under the dual impact of globalization and the pandemic，has taken the lead in proposing to restructure its domestic industrial and supply chains. This report reviews the background，goals，and policy measures of Japan’s industrial and supply chains restructuring，and analyzes the impact of Japan’s industrial and supply chains restructuring behavior on the relationship between China and Japan based on existing trade data. This report further draws lessons for the development of China’s industrial and supply chains in response to global industrial and supply chains changes，and provides path suggestions.