Iran is one of the countries with the most serious drug abuse problem in the world. The historical reason is an important internal factor that causes the current Iranian drug problem to be “forbidden and endless，suppressed but not destroyed，accumulated and difficult to return”，and the geographical environment adjacent to Afghanistan，a major drug producing country，is the key external factor causing this situation. The two together constitute the internal and external practical difficulties that the Iranian government will have to face in the field of drug control in the future. After the Islamic revolution in 1979，the Iranian government implemented strict anti-drug measures，promulgated anti-drug laws，established anti-drug institutions and strengthened international anti-drug exchanges and cooperation. As a result，Iran has changed from a traditional drug producing country to a drug importing country and from a traditional drug exporting country to an important “drug channel”. However，judging from the quantity of various precursor chemicals seized in Iran in recent years，it cannot be ruled out that there are still potential risks and hidden dangers of large-scale drug manufacturing in Iran. The drug problem in Iran not only brings heavy burden to the judicial system，but also causes a large number of deaths and the spread of AIDS，thus continuing to test the ruling ability and governance level of the Iran government.