人口老龄化是世界各国普遍面临的问题。从国际通用标准来看,以色列已经进入老龄化阶段。在应对老龄化问题上,以色列不仅采用了包括公共养老保险、私人养老保险在内的双层养老保险制度,而且还率先实施了长期照护保险制度,以社会化筹资的方式分担老人照护费用,并逐步向科技养老、健康养老的模式发展。疫情期间,以色列政府基本维持并适当提高了养老保障支出,并为老年残障人士、低收入老年群体提供了补助,养老保障政策及内容未发生大的变动,政策的完整性及持续性较强。整体来看,以色列双层养老保险制度兼顾公平和效率,既保障了所有老年人的基本生活水平,也满足了部分老年人对高质量生活的诉求。利用信息技术的科技健康养老模式不仅服务了老年人,而且减轻了家庭负担,促进了家庭的和谐和社会的稳定发展。
The aging of the population is a common problem faced by all countries in the world. According to international standards,Israel has already entered the stage of aging. In order to deal with the aging problem,Israel not only adopted the two-tier pension system of public pension and private pension,but also took the lead in establishing and implementing the long-term care insurance system to share the care costs of the elderly in the way of social financing,and gradually moved towards the mode of technological and healthy pension. During the pandemic,the Israeli government has basically maintained and appropriately increased the pension budget expenditure,and provided income assistance for the elderly and disabled and low-income elderly groups. The pension security policies have not been greatly affected,and their integrity and sustainability are relatively strong. On the whole,the Israeli pension security system takes into account the principles of fairness and efficiency,which not only guarantees a certain living standard for all the elderly,but also meets the demands of some elderly people for a high quality of life. Moreover,the technological and healthy pension mode using information technology not only truly serves the needs of the elderly,but also alleviates the burden of the family and promotes the harmonious and stable development of the family and society.