In modern society，fairness is a universal psychosocial and value claim，and the setting of public property is the concentrated expression of this concept. A market-oriented trend in the world history at the end of the 20th century，superimposed with the traditional center-edge unbalanced governance model，unexpectedly pushed the issue of fair governance of contemporary Chinese rural public property to the forefront. Reshape the community of destiny （benefits） in the countryside，prevent the erosion of the concept of fairness by “market failure”，break the rural public property imbalance caused by the “difference between industrial and agricultural scissors” and the “urban-rural dual system”. From the qualitative aspects of “pure” and “quasi” public property to achieve fair and neutral competition between national ownership and collective ownership can finally achieve the fair value of rural public property management of “urban and rural integrated balanced allocation” and “no one behind the road to get rich”.