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欧盟法制进程:法治危机、竞争力焦虑与域外效应

文章摘要

2021年欧盟法制进程在危机与挑战中推进。本报告着眼于欧盟宪政、欧盟内部市场建设与监管、单边经贸立法、双边与多边经贸关系四个维度,跟踪欧盟重要法制进展。在宪政领域,欧盟正式启动“欧洲未来大会”,但欧盟内部法治危机有增无减。在内部市场方面,欧盟竞争力焦虑显著,不仅加强数字经济、绿色经济法制建设,而且更新竞争政策工具,强化市场监管。在单边经贸立法方面,欧盟相继推出国际公共采购工具、欧盟外国补贴条例、欧盟反胁迫条例等具有域外效应的法律工具,在市场开放基础上强调对等、互惠以维护自身利益,确保欧盟企业的竞争力。双边关系方面,《欧盟—英国贸易与合作协定》正式生效,《中欧全面投资协定》进程受阻,与澳大利亚间自由贸易协定谈判推迟。多边层面,欧盟致力于推广“多边投资法院”制度,同时积极促成WTO改革,进程多有挫折。

Abstract

The process of development of EU law advanced in the midst of crises and challenges in 2021. This report focuses on four dimensions:EU constitutionalism,EU internal market construction and regulation,unilateral trade and economic legislation,bilateral and multilateral trade and economic relations,to track important legal development of EU. In the area of constitutionalism,the EU launched the Conference on the Future of Europe,but the rule of law crisis of EU continues unabated. In the internal market,the EU was to,with increasing competitiveness anxiety,strengthened regulating on digital economy and green economy,while updated competition policy instruments and strengthened market regulations. In the field of unilateral trade and economic legislation,the EU has proposed International Procurement Instrument,Foreign Subsidies Regulation,Anti-coercion Regulation,Corporate Due deligence Directive and other legal instruments with extraterritorial effects,emphasizing reciprocity on the basis of market opening to protect its own interests and ensure the competitiveness of EU enterprises. In terms of bilateral relations,the Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the EU and the UK entered into force,while the process of the China-EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment (CAI) was blocked and the negotiation of the Free Trade Agreement between EU and Australia was postponed. At the multilateral level,the EU is committed to promoting the Multilateral Investment Court system and actively promoting the WTO reform,but the process has been frustrating.

作者简介
叶斌:叶斌,国际法学博士,中国社会科学院欧洲研究所副研究员、欧盟法研究室主任,主要研究领域为国际法、欧盟法。
张琨:张琨,中国社会科学院大学欧洲研究系博士研究生,主要研究领域为欧盟法。
张晨阳:张晨阳,法学博士,中国社会科学院欧洲研究所欧盟法研究室助理研究员,主要研究领域为国际法、欧盟法。
杨昆灏:杨昆灏,中国社会科学院大学欧洲研究系硕士研究生,主要研究领域为欧盟法。