In recent years，the pattern of economic cooperation between great powers and Africa has experienced a restructuring process similar to the political pattern，that is，the dominant position of Western powers has been weakened and the influence of emerging countries has been increased. Both in terms of trade and investment，the share of traditional occidental partners with Africa shows a downward trend，and the “latecomers” led by China have an obvious catch-up momentum. Africa’s foreign economic and trade order is developing in the direction of diversification. In the context of the slowdown of global economic growth and the impact of the COVID-19，the United States and other developed countries’ economic exchanges with Africa have declined，but they have not given up their intention to carry out geographical and economic competition in Africa. They have made curbing China’s influence an important goal of their policy towards Africa，which has significantly reduced the “win-win” cooperation among big countries in Africa and made the “exclusive” competition more prominent.