本报告利用2011~2021年世界银行和问卷调查数据,分析了印尼金融发展包容性状况,以及金融包容性水平对印尼中小微企业的影响。分析表明,印尼金融发展的包容性水平还相对落后,明显低于邻国马来西亚,正规金融机构账户在成人中的普及率仅为五成左右,有贷款记录的比例更是低于二成,但从趋势上看已在不断改善,近五年金融普惠指数提高了近10个百分点,数字银行服务得到大力推广。西爪哇省的调查分析显示,小微企业中银行账户及线上银行服务普及率较高,但借贷率低;受访企业对现有金融服务的价值性评价较低,但对线上金融服务持积极评价;回归分析表明金融包容性水平对小微企业绩效有显著正向影响。报告最后就政府促进金融包容性发展的政策进行了简要讨论。
This paper analyzes the development of financial inclusion in Indonesia and its impacts on Indonesian micro,small and medium enterprises(MSMEs)development using data covering 2011-2021 from World Bank and questionnaire survey. We find that the level of financial inclusion in Indonesia is still standing significantly behind the neighboring country-Malaysia. The penetration rate of adults with formal financial institution accounts is only about 50% and the rate of those with loan records is even lower than 20%. However,the trend has been improving,with the financial inclusion index increasing by nearly 10 percentage points in the past five years and digital banking services being vigorously promoted. The survey in West Java province shows that the penetration rate of bank accounts and online banking services among MSMEs is high,but the borrowing rate is low. The interviewed MSMEs have a low evaluation of the value of existing financial services,but evaluate the online financial services positive. The regression analysis shows that the financial inclusion has a significantly positive impact on the performance of MSMEs. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on government policies to promote financial inclusion development.
Keywords: | IndonesiaSmall and Medium EnterprisesMicroDigital FinanceFinancial Inclusion DevelopmentThe Case of West Java |