In 2013, the aspiration to resuscitate the route was introduced under the prospect of “Silk Road Economic Belts” during President Xi Jinping’s official visit to Kazakhstan.1 Months later, during his visit to Indonesia, President Xi again vowed to develop the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” by developing seaports that connecting Asia to Europe.President Xi’s initiative was formally known as the Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI).