Since 2013, the Chinese government has taken unconventional measures to advance poverty alleviation in an unprecedented way. The recent Central Economic Work Conference continued to take poverty alleviation as one of the three major targets in 2019, showing the state’s high attention to the work. The Conference also ensured that by 2020, China’s rural impoverished population and poverty-stricken counties will surely have been lifted out of poverty as scheduled, which means that absolute poverty will be basically eliminated. So, does this mean that after 2020, China can bid farewell to poverty? Certainly not. Poverty will remain one of the key issues that requires attention and focus for quite some time in the future in China. However, after eliminating absolute poverty, the poverty alleviation work will face a series of new problems, such as new goals, new requirements, and new objects, and become more complicated, gradually shifting towards a new era that centers on quality improvement and modernized development. Hence new strategies should be adopted to deal with the new challenges in the era of multidimensional poverty, and multidimensional anti-poverty goals and missions should also be formulated.