China’s fruitful poverty alleviation results are inseparable from the massive fundraising and the effective use of funds. Poverty alleviation funds play an essential role in sustaining growth of the local economy and empowering locals with the means to prosper in the process of poverty alleviation. With the take-off of China’s economy, the financial input for poverty alleviation has increased markedly while the financing channels have been expanded, thus forming the landscape in which government fund is the mainstay and diversified funds are leveraged. That being said, many challenges are encountered in fundraising for poverty alleviation, including the operability and flexibility of the poverty alleviation fund policy, the effect of regulation, the risk of capital investment and operation, and the coordination between management departments, all of which still have room for improvement. To achieve greater breakthroughs, it is necessary to reposition and examine the role and functions of the government in poverty alleviation, and further clarify the guidance of policies for poverty alleviation.