As two major Middle East powers with homogeneous military and economic potential，contemporary Egypt and Türkiye have a constantly competitive relationship. Since the 1950s，the competitive relationship between Egypt and Türkiye has been divided into four stages，namely，the competitive relationship under ideological adversary，the competitive relationship under the background of friendly cooperation，the competitive relationship in the incubation period of contradictions，and the competitive relationship in the open confrontation stage. This article believes that because Arab countries occupy an absolute quantitative advantage in the Middle East，and Egypt is the most populous Arab country，whether the Middle East affairs have Arab attributes has become the main focus of competition between Egypt and Türkiye，which is a non-Arab country. In the Middle East affairs，the two countries’ competitive relationship around the above-mentioned focus is mainly reflected in three levels，namely，Egypt’s boycott of Türkiye’s involvement in the internal affairs of Arab countries，the competition between Egypt and Türkiye for chief mediator of the Palestinian-Israeli issue，and the conflict between Arab nationalism and pan-Islamism.