From the perspective of discourse theory of systemic functional linguistics，this paper takes the Japanese novel The Wind Blows and its four Chinese versions as an example to discuss the restriction mechanism of Japanese argument order and its translation principles. It is found that syntactic-semantic factors and textual factors can regulate the order of argument simultaneously. The syntactic-semantic regulation is embodied in the compactness of the arguments and the predicates，and the textual regulation is embodied in information structure and thematic structure. The textual factors take precedence over syntactic and semantic factors. In the textual factors，thematic structure takes precedence over information structure. In order to restore the expressive effect of the original to the greatest extent，the priority principle of “thematic structure＞information structure＞tightness principle” should be followed on the basis of ensuring the grammatical correctness of the translated text.