As a country with multiple languages and cultures coexisting throughout the history，Algeria’s language policy and planning since its national independence in 1962 have attracted great attention. This paper describes and sorts out the conditions of Algeria’s main languages and their relations，and discusses the evolution of the country’s language policies in different historical periods from a diachronic perspective. In general，the Arabization policy of more than half a century has not achieved desired results，and the status of standard Arabic as the first and official language in Algeria is still being challenged by multiple factors. Educational reform in the early 2000s has raised the status of French in the education system，and the Berber languages have been legally recognized by the constitution since then. Globalization and demands for economic development have prompted Algeria to adopt a more open and inclusive approach to the relationship between Arabic and other major languages in the country.