The strategic adjustment of economic structure is of great significance to the sustained and healthy development of Henan’s economy. At present，there are still some problems in Henan’s economic structure，such as low level of industrial structure，unbalanced development between urban and rural areas，and uncoordinated regional development. We must take the strategic adjustment of economic structure as the main direction of transforming the mode of economic development，and efforts should be made to adjust the industrial structure，urban and rural structure，regional structure，and make breakthroughs in reform and opening up，scientific and technological innovation and government support.