数据开放共享是加快构建数据要素市场的必然选择。从具体方式来看，数据开放共享包括政务数据共享、政企数据共享、公共数据开放、企业数据共享、企业数据开放五类。当前，我国数据开放共享的政策措施和管理机制日益完善，政务数据共享步伐不断加快，公共数据有序开放，政企数据共享探索推进，企业数据共享基本处于黑箱状态，企业数据开放以市场化行为为主。同时，数据开放共享也面临数据产权界定难度较大，数据价值难以有效衡量，体制机制仍待进一步完善，数据安全风险日益突出四大问题。建议进一步健全数据产权制度体系，建立数据价值评估体系，完善制度机制，加强数据安全防护。
Data openness and sharing are a necessary choice to speed up the construction of data element market. In terms of specific methods，data openness and sharing include five categories：government-government data sharing，government-enterprise data sharing，public data opening，enterprise-enterprise data sharing，and enterprise data opening. China’s policy measures and management mechanisms for data openness and sharing have been increasingly improved：the pace of government-government data sharing continues to accelerate；public data is opened in an orderly manner；the exploration of government-enterprise data sharing is advancing；enterprise-enterprise data sharing is basically in a black box state；and enterprise data opening is a market-oriented behavior. However，data openness and sharing also face four major challenges：the difficulty of defining data property rights，the difficulty of effectively measuring the value of data，the need to further improve the system and mechanism，and the increasingly prominent data security risks. Thus，it is recommended to further improve the data property rights system，establish a data value evaluation system，improve the institutional mechanism，and strengthen data security protection.
