在气候变化、经济全球化与北极地缘政治态势的影响下，北极地区正经历着“大加速”的变化。这种极性转变的后果波及整个地球，并以多种方式影响着人们。受气候变化的影响，北极地区面临环境破坏、海平面上升、原住民生活安全等一系列危机，北极各国纷纷采取举措以应对气候变化挑战。2021年，气候变化议题再度成为北极治理的核心议题之一，这主要受2021年联合国气候变化格拉斯哥大会及《格拉斯哥气候协议》的出台、拜登新政以气候变化应对为核心内容、2021年北极国家出台的北极战略中提升了气候变化议题的重要性等多方面因素的影响。北极地区的资源开发与利用的热度在2021年有显著提升，具体表现在航道利用、港口等基础设施建设、矿产资源开发与合作等多方面。与此同时，在俄乌冲突的影响下，北极国家继续加强了各自的军事部署，北极军事安全和北极地缘政治在新态势下呈现紧张局势。在气候变暖加剧、资源利用热度不减、军事安全问题持续发酵的背景下，北极治理机制正面临前所未有的挑战与机遇。
The Arctic region is experiencing a “great acceleration” of change under the influence of climate change，economic globalization，and the geopolitical dynamics of the Arctic. The consequences of this extreme transition are felt across the planet and affect people in many ways. As a result of climate change，the Arctic is facing a range of crises，including environmental damage，sea level rise，and security of life for indigenous peoples，and Arctic countries are taking steps to address the challenges of climate change. In 2021，the issue of climate change once again became at the forefront of Arctic governance，driven by the Glasgow Climate Change Conference and the Glasgow Climate Protocol，the focus on climate change in the Biden Administration，and the increased importance of climate change in the Arctic strategies of the Arctic states. The Arctic region witnessed a significant increase in resource development and utilization in 2021 in terms of shipping utilization，development infrastructure and mineral resources，and international cooperation. At the same time，under the influence of the Russia-Ukraine conflict，the Arctic states continue to strengthen their respective military deployments，and Arctic military security issues and Arctic geopolitics are under tension in the new situation. Against the backdrop of intensifying climate warming，unabated enthusiasm for resource use，and the continued ferment of military security issues，the Arctic governance mechanism is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities.
