In the early days of the founding of new China，due to the needs of national defense，a balanced distribution of productive forces was carried out，and a number of new industrial bases were laid out in some frontier provinces. Under the policy of balanced distribution of productive forces，Xinjiang has achieved rapid development，and the development gap with the mainland has been narrowing. After the reform and opening up，coastal areas have developed rapidly by relying on preferential development policies and their own geographical advantages，which has driven the development of other mainland provinces. As a typical inland frontier region，Xinjiang is affected by geographical location，far away from the mainland consumer market，and is in a disadvantageous position in undertaking industrial transfer and learning advanced technology and management ideas. In the context of the lack of special regional support policies at that time，funds and talents continued to drain，and the gap between Xinjiang and other regions in China continued to expand. Although there are great challenges in the future development of Xinjiang，the improvement of the status of frontier areas in the national major development strategy provides new opportunities for the future development of Xinjiang’s economy. Under the new pattern of dual cycle strategy，Xinjiang should focus on fully integrating into the domestic market，deeply participating in the opening-up and actively cultivating urban competitiveness，further cultivate the driving force of sustainable endogenous growth and improve the governance capacity of local governments，so as to achieve high-quality economic development.