Since 2021，climate extremes have been occurring around the world，an important feature of the global climate change situation is the intertwined impact of climate change and other risks like food security，water security，air pollution，and humanitarian crisis，with more complex and severe consequences. Global CO2 emissions rebounded to above 2019 levels in 2021 as economic recovery led to a surge in demand for fossil fuels across countries，but renewables and nuclear still accounted for a larger share of global electricity generation than coal，and renewable energy costs continued to fall. However，increased fossil fuel subsidies and rising raw material costs are impeding renewable energy development. But the overall optimism is that global spending on clean energy is rising after being flat for several years. In 2021，the successful convening of COP26 demonstrated the international community’s consensus and determination to tackle climate change，and for the first time，“phasing down” coal use was explicitly written into the agreement of the conference. Against the backdrop of volatile energy markets，intensified power rivalries，and the Russia-Ukraine conflict，the multilateral process of international climate governance has been slow to advance，but major countries like China，the US，and Europe have still made some progress in climate action. Climate and development have become the focus of the international community. Looking ahead，energy transition is the only way to solve the global energy and climate crisis. The success of the global response to climate change will largely depend on the attitude of major powers toward the multilateral climate process，the world’s ability to revitalize its ambition to reduce emissions，and the provision of sufficient and reliable funding for the energy transition.