在全球经济放缓的严峻趋势下，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区各国的对外经济贸易发展也遭遇了巨大挑战，疫情对该地区进口影响大于出口，进口量的下降幅度大于出口量的下降幅度。伴随拉丁美洲和加勒比地区主要贸易伙伴（美国和中国）的经济复苏，2020年，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区商品贸易收支盈余达到地区GDP的1。8%，高于2019年的0。4%。2021年，该地区经济活动逐渐复苏，其进口强劲回弹且增长超过出口，联合国拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会报告数据显示该地区对外贸易继续保持顺差地位，盈余达到地区GDP的0。4%。本报告首先回顾2020～2021年该地区对外贸易发展概况；其次从贸易规模、贸易结构、贸易流向和贸易差额角度分析拉美地区的贸易特征；再次探讨了拉丁美洲和加勒比地区同中国的贸易情况；最后对该地区对外贸易形势进行简要展望。
Faced with the severe trends of the global economic slowdown，countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have also encountered significant challenges in the development of their foreign trade，with the pandemic affecting the region’s imports more than its exports，and the decline in the volume of imports being greater than the decline in the volume of exports. With the economic recovery of Latin America and the Caribbean’s main trading partners（the United States and China），the region’s merchandise trade surplus reached 1.8% of regional GDP in 2020，up from 0.4% in 2019. In 2021，given the gradual recovery of economic activity in the region，its imports rebound strongly and grow more than its exports，and report of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean reveals the region to continue its surplus position in external trade，with a surplus reaching 0.4% of regional GDP. This report firstly reviews the development of foreign trade in the region from 2020 to 2021；secondly analyzes the trade characteristics of Latin America from the perspective of trade scale，trade structure，trade flow and trade balance；then discusses the trade relations of Latin America and the Caribbean and China；and finally gives a brief outlook on the foreign trade situation of the region.
| Keywords： | Latin America and the CaribbeanForeign TradeChina-latin America TradeTrade Characteristics |
