Since the 1950s，Japan has begun to explore economic security policies that use economic means to cope with economic threats. After continuous historical evolution，changes have taken place in the 21st century. Especially since 2019，Japan’s economic security has clearly presented a trend of strategization and legalization. The tendency of integration and interaction between economic security and military，political and diplomatic security has become more and more obvious. Japan has begun to shift from economic security policy to “economic security guarantee” strategy. Japan will also face a series of problems in the process of implementing the “economic security guarantee” strategy. Such as strategic autonomy bringing more cousts and fiscal pressure，strategic indispensability impeding the development of technology，and “Economic Security Guarantee” strategy contradicting with international order based on principles.