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法国远程办公:历史、立法与现状

文章摘要

随着移动通信技术的飞速发展,大数据、云计算、移动互联网等新一代信息技术在各个领域和行业之中的应用越来越广泛,办公场景也迎来了颠覆性的革新,远程办公方式应运而生,其既可以降低雇主的经营成本,也可以提高雇员的工作灵活性。2020年3月23日,法国政府为应对肆虐的新冠肺炎疫情,颁布第2020-290号(loi n°2020-290)紧急法令,要求除关键岗位,人们必须居家远程办公,以降低新冠病毒传播的风险。与在办公室或现场工作的传统方式相比,远程办公为人们在疫情期间提供了更加灵活、便捷、安全的办公环境,让一些雇主和雇员能够更好地渡过难关,对于维持疫情期间的生活生产至关重要,甚至成为法国公共和私营部门所寻求的新的工作模式。然而,这种新的工作模式并非适用于所有行业和所有人,其涉及工作灵活性和自主性、工作与生活平衡、健康与安全、就业平等性以及管理复杂化等多方面的问题。在后疫情时期,法国政府和实施远程办公的劳资双方如何基于法律框架、组织管理、政策导向等层面进行多维设计,引导远程办公在后疫情时期更好发展值得探讨。

Abstract

With the rapid development of mobile communication technology,new-generation information technologies such as big data,cloud computing,and mobile Internet are more and more extensively used in various fields and industries,and the office scene has also ushered in disruptive innovation. The application of teleworking can not only reduce the operating costs of employers,but also improve the flexibility of employees. On March 23,2020,in response to the Covid-19,the French government issued emergency Decree No.2020-290(loi n°2020-290),requiring people to work remotely from home,except for essential workers,to reduce the spread of the virus. Compared with the traditional way of working in the office or on-site,teleworking provides people with a more flexible,convenient and safe working environment during the pandemic,so that employers and employees can better weather the bad times. Furthermore,the teleworking has even become the new organizational model sought by the French public and private sectors. However,this new working model is not suitable for all industries and all people,it involves issues such as work flexibility and autonomy,work-life balance,health and safety,employment equality,and administrative complexities. In the post-Covid period,it is worth discussing how the French government and the labor-management parties implementing teleworking carry out multi-dimensional design based on the legal framework,organizational management,policy guidance and other aspects to guide teleworking towards a better development.

作者简介
金海波:金海波,三峡大学外国语学院法语系副教授,主要研究方向为法国社会与文化、中法非三方关系。
王海洁:王海洁,三峡大学外国语学院法语系讲师,主要研究方向为法语国家与地区文学以及社会文化问题。