Artificial intelligence is currently the most cutting-edge and strategic technology. It is rapidly changing the traditional economic structure and reshaping the development model of various industrial fields. In the past ten years，the world’s major economies have successively established their national strategies for the development of artificial intelligence. France’s national strategy was officially announced in November 2018. After three years of implementation，the second phase of its national development strategy was declared in November 2021. France vows to continue to increase its investment in artificial intelligence development，reinforce the training and attraction of talents，promote the application of artificial intelligence technology in various economic fields. Through the comparison of these two-stage policies of the national strategy for the development of artificial intelligence in France，this paper explores the inner core of the French development strategy and the direction of its strategic moves and choices and investigates the key factors conducive to gaining the upper hand in the development of artificial intelligence technology in the future.