Since the European economic crisis and debt crisis，France has seen an economic downturn. Its social conflicts have intensified with increasing immigration and security problems. Along with that，two populist forces-the radical left “France Insoumise” and the ultra-right “Rassemblement National” have been on the rise. The 2017 French presidential election is a complete reversal of the political tradition of alternating power between the mainstream parties since the fifth Republic of France. When the two traditional mainstream parties lost and Emmanuel Macron was elected，the two anti-elite，anti-establishment populist parties made a strong showing. The 2022 French presidential election is an upgrade of the 2017 election，which reaffirmed the upward trend of the two populist parties. The analysis of the election situation from the perspective of socioeconomics and politics has shown that there are some similarities in ideology and electoral behavior between left-wing populism and ultra-right populism，which is a reflection of social reality. However，despite their similar social and voter bases，the two parties are different in values，political views as well as social and economic status. The huge difference in their political identity makes them inconvertible in ideology，thus affecting their electoral behaviors. As the 2022 French presidential election has come to an end，the left-wing and right-wing populists continue to adhere to their ideas of populism by speaking out in the name of “the people” and challenging the establishment. While holding on to their major vote base as much as possible，they have also dynamically adjusted their views and programs to win a broader voter base and room for cooperation.