Southern Africa is one of the more stable and resource-advantaged and economic growth potential regions in Africa，and southern African countries mostly create national wealth and improve social development through mining. At present，all southern African countries have incorporated the environmental assessment and permit system into the mining management norms，which has become a prerequisite for mineral resources exploitation. At the same time，most southern African countries have borrowed from the relevant system in South Africa and basically formed a similar environmental legislative framework，while the environmental agreement of the Southern African Development Community also specifies environmental protection provisions. Accordingly，the countries’ environmental protection enforcement agencies are reasonably set up and comprehensive in their functions，with strict environmental permit requirements and environmental impact assessment processes，among which Zambia and South Africa have more complete mining legal systems. However，the environmental management system in Southern Africa also has many defects，which increases the environmental legal risks in the process of investment. Therefore，enterprises should strengthen their understanding of the local environmental legal system，pay attention to the environmental legal regulation of key investment industries，actively conduct environmental assessment before the start of the project，apply for the permit certificate required by the host country according to the law，complete the environmental remediation after the project，fulfill the necessary corporate social responsibility，and establish a good investment image.