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2010~2021年中国技术贸易发展的现状、问题与对策

文章摘要

大力发展技术贸易是“十四五”时期我国服务贸易高质量发展的重要内容。当前,我国技术贸易规模持续增长,其中电信、计算和信息服务技术国际供给水平较高,以专利、商标等知识产权为核心的软性技术存在旺盛的进口需求,美欧等发达国家和地区仍是我国技术进口的重要来源地,我国与共建“一带一路”国家技术贸易合作交流水平不断提升,技术型对外投资成为我国技术贸易发展的重要推动力。尽管如此,我国技术贸易仍然存在技术进口依赖度较高、美欧等发达国家和地区技术出口管制严苛等诸多问题。为促进我国技术贸易高质量发展,应积极推动国际科技合作,从开放合作中提升我国自主创新能力;持续加强知识产权合作交流,推动我国知识产权“走出去”;提升我国产业链供应链韧性,有效应对美欧出口管制对我国技术贸易的冲击。

Abstract

The Development of trade in technology is an important content of the high-quality development of China’s service trade for the 14th Five-Year Plan period. Currently the scale of China’s trade in technology keeps growing trend,among which the trade in telecommunications,computing and information services is in a high supply level,and the trade in patent,trademark and other intellectual property rights as the core of soft technology is full of demands. Besides the developed countries,such as U.S. and European,are the main import countries. The scale of trade in technology from China to the countries from Belt and Road is increasing. Meanwhile,the technology-oriented foreign direct investment has become the driving force for the development of China’s trade in technology. However,there are still many problems for China,including high dependence on import of foreign technology and strict control of technology export from U.S. and European. Therefore,in order to promote the high-quality development of China’s technology trade,we should actively promote international scientific and technolo-gical cooperation,and enhance China’s independent innovation capabilities from open cooperation;continue to strengthen intellectual property cooperation and exchanges,and promote China’s intellectual property “going out”;improve China’s industrial chain and supply chain’s resilience can effectively deal with the impact of U.S. and European export controls on China’s technology trade.

作者简介
杨修:杨修,副研究员,经济学博士,中国科学技术交流中心调研与协调处,主要研究方向为国际技术贸易、国际科技合作。
李丽洁:李丽洁,南安普顿大学金融学硕士,主要研究方向为国际经济学、金融服务贸易。