Influenced by resource endowment，historical development and economic development level，coal plays an important role in China’s energy structure. Since the “Dual Carbon” Target was put forward in 2020，China’s energy industry，especially the coal industry，has been greatly affected. In 2021，there was even a power shortage due to the control of coal consumption. This report analyzes the sources of China’s rigid demand for coal in detail from two aspects of endogenous power and external influencing factors，and points out that under the long-term good trend of China’s economic fundamentals，the demand for energy security and stability，and the support of corresponding policies，China’s coal market will maintain a relatively stable trend for a long time in the future，but with the gradual decline of total consumption，the industry will also face various challenges. Therefore，China should make a difference at the macro，meso and micro levels，comprehensively improve the supply and demand structure level of the coal industry，support the stable development of economy and society，and ensure the smooth realization of China’s energy security and “double carbon” goals by improving the carbon trading mechanism，exploring the development path of industry as infrastructure，and strengthening technological innovation.