2021年，全球核电在运机组装机规模减小，但核能在各国“碳中和”路线图的地位和作用越来越受到重视。本报告盘点了世界各国核能战略的变化，总结了核能的低碳特点，从电网友好性、终端电力用户成本、各国能源安全战略支撑等多个方面，对核能与新能源等未来低碳发电品种进行了多方位的比较，同时分析了核能在全球优化“碳中和”路径下可以扮演的新角色，发挥的新作用和新价值。核电是现实的低碳电源，可以降低对化石燃料的依赖程度；核电是经济稳定的清洁能源，与可再生能源协同可以发挥重要的社会和经济价值；核电是成熟的“碳中和”技术，体现了一个国家能源领域技术创新的国际竞争力。为此，各主要大国坚持发展核电政策不动摇，核能技术创新力度不减，全球核电复苏态势明显。特别是在全球积极实现气候目标、确保能源安全供给的新形势下，核电将在未来电力系统中占据无法取代的位置。因此，我们必须继续坚持“积极安全有序发展核能”的方针，重点开发小堆、微堆、先进堆等技术，拓展制氢、供热、海水淡化等多场景应用能力，为实现可持续发展目标和“碳达峰”“碳中和”目标发挥新作用，创造新价值，做出新贡献。
In 2021，the operating nuclear power capacity in the world is getting smaller，but the nuclear energy plays a more and more important role in the carbon neutral roadmap of more countries. This report concludes the change of nuclear energy roadmap for different countries，summarizes the low-carbon properties of nuclear energy，compares nuclear energy with new energy in the aspect of the grid-friendly property，the cost of the electrical end-users and the support of the strategy of energy security for each country，and analyzes the new roles，new effects，and new values of nuclear energy under the environment of the optimization of the global carbon neutral roadmap. Nuclear energy is a capable low-carbon electrical power source，which can help reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. It’s also a stable and economical clean energy，which can cooperates with renewable energy to give plays to social and economical values. Besides，nuclear energy is a mature carbon neutral technique，which embodies the international competitiveness of a country in the energy sector. For this purpose，each major countries stand firm to develop nuclear energy，the technical innovation investment of nuclear energy doesn’t decrease，all of above，the recovery of the global nuclear energy is beginning. Nuclear energy will plays an unique role in the future electrical system，especially when the world works diligently to achieve the climate goal and to guarantee energy security of supplement. Therefore，we should stand firm to the “active，safe and well-organized development of nuclear energy” policy，focus on developing the SMR，MNSR，and advanced reactor，and expand the application in hydrogen production，heating and desalination in order to play a new role，create new value of and make new distribution to achieving the sustainable development and the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.
