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澳大利亚2020年内政、外交和经济形势

文章摘要

受经济衰退和美国国内政治氛围的影响,2020年澳大利亚国内政治形势加速右转,右翼势力、种族主义势力和民粹主义力量呈快速增长之势。澳大利亚国内政治近年来的持续右翼化、民粹化表明该国在短期内难以生成逆转国内政治氛围和演进趋向所需的政治变革力量。莫里森政府在严峻的疫情挑战下除了积极抗击新冠肺炎疫情蔓延之外,在对外关系上也持续发挥澳大利亚“中等强国”的功能,包含深化美澳同盟合作、积极拉拢“印太地区”盟友、巩固澳大利亚在南太地区的领导地位、强化与欧洲的经贸联结等等。受冷战思维的影响,澳大利亚连续28年的经济增长因疫情防控政策失误和追求与中国“脱钩”政策而终结。其经济急剧萎缩,失业率飙升至历史峰值。2020年下半年以来,受国际市场大宗商品价格快速回升拉动,澳大利亚经济止跌回升。

Abstract

2020 witnessed an accelerated right-wing polarization of Australian domestic politics and a fast increase on the power of its right-wing,racist and populist forces as a consequence of the country’s declining economy and America’s political rightwardization. The increasingly political rightwardization and populistization in the country indicate a slim possibility of the birth of any reforming force that is able to reverse this political trends in the near future. As a result,the Australian government was seen to retrogress in international cooperation for dealing with COVID-19 and global warming,and for advancing “free trade” and liberalization of investment. Australia ended its 28 year-long economic growth and suffered a marked economic contraction and unprecedented unemployment,which were partially due to its failure in COVID-19 control and its Cold War mentality of containing China by pursuing an economic semidisconnectedness. Australian economy has slowly moved out of recession since late 2020 thanks to the rising price of bulk commodities. Australian economic data are a testament to the magnitude of the Chinese market to Australian economic recovery and its long-term prosperity.

作者简介
黄家瑜:黄家瑜,澳大利亚新南威尔士大学国际政治学博士,广州南方学院副教授、通识教育中心副主任,主要研究领域为国际政治、中国外交政策、亚太区域安全研究。
于镭:于镭,聊城大学太平洋岛国中心首席研究员、教授,北京外国语大学客座教授,主要研究领域为亚太国际关系、中澳关系。
于飞洋:于飞洋,北京建筑大学外语与国际文化学院硕士研究生。